yozi institute

  Definition of the Ultimatum Game   The Ultimatum Game is an experiment used in economics and psychology where two participants decide how to split a sum of money. The first participant proposes how to divide the money, and the second can either accept or reject this proposal. If the offer is rejected, both participants end up with nothing. It's like deciding not to eat ice cream at all because one piece is too small. Example of the Ultimatum Game   Let's assume a situation where two people have to split $10. Participant A suggests keeping $7 for themselves and giving $3 to Participant B. If B accepts, they get $3, but if they reject, neither gets anything. It's like choosing not to eat a cake at all when someone tries to take the biggest piece. In real life, this can be seen when someone refuses an unfair advantage, resulting in no one benefiting. It's like both players losing a ball because they can’t agree on who gets it. Lessons from the Ultimatum Game   The

  Definition of Game Theory   Game theory is the study of strategic decision-making in situations where people interact with each other. It's like deciding 'which movie to watch', where everyone's choices affect others. Here, each 'player' tries to find the optimal strategy to maximize their benefits. Examples of Game Theory   The 'Prisoner's Dilemma' is a classic example of game theory. It depicts a situation where two prisoners must decide whether to cooperate or betray each other. It's similar to deciding 'who gets the last piece of pizza', where each choice impacts the other person. In the real world, it applies in various scenarios. For instance, when companies engage in price wars, they predict each other's pricing and adjust their strategies accordingly. This is akin to competing for 'who offers more discounts'. Lessons from Game Theory   The most important lesson is to predict the behavior of others and adjust yo

  Definition of Goldilocks Principle   The Goldilocks Principle refers to a 'just right' state. This principle originates from the fairy tale 'Goldilocks and the Three Bears'. In the story, Goldilocks finds three sizes of chairs, three temperatures of porridge, and three sizes of beds, choosing the one that is 'just right' in each case. Essentially, it's about finding a level that is neither too much nor too little. Examples of Goldilocks Principle   In everyday life, an example of the Goldilocks Principle can be seen in coffee. A cup that's not too hot, not too cold, but just the right temperature. In economics, this principle is applied as 'Goldilocks Economy', referring to an economy that is not too overheated or too sluggish. Lessons from the Goldilocks Principle   The lesson from the Goldilocks Principle is the importance of balance and harmony. Everything is most ideal when it's at a 'just right' level. Avoiding extremes in

  Definition of Gresham's Law   Gresham's Law states that 'bad money drives out good money from the market.' It's like a remote control rolling under the sofa; the worse thing tends to replace the better one. Here, 'bad money' refers to currency that loses value, while 'good money' means currency that retains its value. Examples of Gresham's Law   In the past, when coins contained gold and silver, the government reduced the metal content or made coins from less valuable metals. People hid the more valuable coins and only used the ones that had lost value. It's similar to hiding the tasty snacks and only offering the bland ones to your friends. As a modern example, sometimes when the value of paper currency falls, people shift their money to more stable assets (like gold or real estate). It's like looking for a lifeboat when the ship starts to creak. Lessons from Gresham's Law   The importance of trust is a key lesson. The value